India Achieves First Criticality Of PFBR, Enters Second Stage Of Nuclear Programme

ENA Sectors 2026-04-08 13:13:42 New Delhi, Apr 8 (KNN) India has achieved a significant milestone in its nuclear energy journey, with the indigenously developed Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu attaining first criticality on April 6, 2026. The 500 MWe reactor, built by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI) at the Kalpakkam Nuclear Complex, marks the initiation of a sustained nuclear chain reaction, signalling Indias formal entry into the second stage of its three-stage nuclear power programme. The programme, conceptualised by Homi Jehangir Bhabha, aims to optimise the countrys limited uranium resources while leveraging its vast thorium reserves for long-term energy security. Strategic and Global Significance With this development, India moves closer to becoming the second country after Russia to operate a commercial fast breeder reactor, underlining the global significance of the achievement. The milestone reflects decades of research and development led by the Department of Atomic Energy, and strengthens Indias push towards clean, reliable, and low-carbon energy. It also aligns with the countrys commitment to achieving net zero emissions by 2070. Advanced Reactor Technology The PFBR has been designed by the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) and represents a major advancement over conventional thermal reactors. Unlike traditional reactors, the PFBR uses Uranium-Plutonium Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel derived from reprocessed spent fuel of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors. The reactor is capable of generating more fuel than it consumes by converting Uranium-238 into fissile Plutonium-239 through fast neutron reactions. It is also designed to eventually utilise Thorium-232, which can be converted into Uranium-233, paving the way for the third stage of Indias nuclear programme focused on thorium-based energy generation. The reactor operates on a closed fuel cycle, where spent fuel is reprocessed and reused, enhancing resource efficiency and sustainability. Towards Energy Security and Net Zero The successful commissioning of the PFBR marks a transition from design to implementation in Indias nuclear roadmap. It reinforces the countrys indigenous technological capabilities and signals a stronger role for nuclear energy in achieving energy security and climate goals. As India advances through the next stages of its nuclear programme, developments at Kalpakkam are expected to play a pivotal role in shaping a sustainable and self-reliant energy future. (KNN Bureau) 45715 https://knnindia.co.in/news/newsdetails/sectors/india-achieves-first-criticality-of-pfbr-enters-second-stage-of-nuclear-programme 2026-04-08 13:13:42 knnindia.co.in India Achieves First Criticality Of PFBR, Enters Second Stage Of Nuclear Programme